Abstract: This study introduces an innovative disturbance observer to tackle external disturbances and model uncertainties, along with a control strategy based on Lyapunov functions, ensuring global ...
Abstract: Most existing back-electromotive-force (EMF) observer necessitates a phase-locked loop (PLL) for real-time observer parameter updating, i.e., the rotor’s angular speed. However, the observer ...
Order doesn’t always form perfectly—and those imperfections can be surprisingly powerful. In materials like liquid crystals, tiny “defects” emerge when symmetry breaks, shaping everything from cosmic ...